Materials and Methods free essay sample

Technical grade Diazinon (DZN); O,O-Diethyl O-[4-methyl-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl] phosphorothioate (98% purity) was donated from El-Helb, Pesticides and Chemicals, New Damietta, Egypt. It was diluted in corn oil for preparing the required concentrations. Dosing concentrations were freshly prepared during the administration period. Moringa seed oil (MSO) was purchased from Earths Moringa P.O. Box 39503, Los Angeles, CA 90039. Reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), H2O2 (33%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), reduced glutathione (GSH), 5,5 dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), potassium fihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4), butanol and sodium chloride (NaCl) of technical grade used in this study were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (Saint Louis, USA). Other chemicals were supplied from Merck Led. SRL Pvt., Led., Mumbai, India.2.2. AnimalsTwenty male Albino rats Sprague–Dawley, weighing 180–200 g, were supplied from the Animal Breeding House of the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Animals were maintained at the animal care facility in the Faculty of Medicine, in plastic cages under controlled temperature (23  ± 2 oC), 12-h light/dark cycle and 50  ± 5% relative humidity. We will write a custom essay sample on Materials and Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Water and food were available ad libitum. Rats were acclimatized to the laboratory environment for two weeks prior to the start of the experiments. Animal Care ; Experimental Committee, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, and all animal procedures were carried out in accordance with the Ethics Committee of the National Research Centre conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory [15]. During the experiments, maximum care was taken to minimize animal suffering and in addition, the number of rats used was kept at minimum.2. 3. Experimental designAfter two weeks of acclimatization, animals were divided into four (n = 5 rats per group) equal groups.†¢ Group 1: Control group; rats were given 1 mL/kg body weight (b,w)/day by gavage for 28 days;†¢ Group 2: DZN group; rats were given DZN 12.50 mg/kg b.w/day (1/100 LD50) by gavage for 28 days. The LD50 and the regime schedule were selected according to the previous study [16,17];†¢ Group 3: MSO group; MSO was given, 200 mg/kg b.w/day, by gavage for 28 days according to the previous study [18];†¢ Group 4: MSO + DZN group; rats were given first with (MSO (200 mg/kg b. w/day) by gavage and after 30 min were given DZN (12.50 mg/kg b.w/day (1/100 LD50) by gavage for 28 days.2.4. Sample collection and preparationThe animals were starved overnight for 12h before blood was collected. Rats were anaesthetized with rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg i. p.), and venous blood samples were collected by direct heart puncture into sterilized vials. Blood samples were allowed set to clot at 4 oC and centrifuged at 2500 g for 10 min. Then 1000 ?l aliquots of serum were placed in microfuge tubes and frozen on dry ice. Labeled bags were placed into freezer at -20 oC until the time of the assay.Livers was removed from rats under anesthesia, after 28 days of treatment and washed with cold saline buffer to remove any clotted blood or tissue debris. Washed livers were immediately stored at – 80 oC. To obtain the enzymatic extract, tissues were homogenized in ice-cold 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) contains 0.1 mM ethylendiaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) to yield 10% (W/V) homogenate. The tissue homogenates were then centrifuged 1500 Xg for 20 minutes at 4  ºC. The supernatants were kept at – 80  ºC till the time of determination of oxidative/antioxidant parameters.2.5. Serum biomarkersAll serum parameters were determined using a commercial kit in accordance with manufacturers instructions using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-VIS Recording 2401 PC, Japan). Serum samples were analyzed for total protein by Lowry et al. [19]. Albumin concentration was determined by Doumas et al. [20]. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6. 1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1) were determined using commercial kits obtained from Biodiagnostic kit (Cairo, Egypt). The principle reaction of the colorimetric determination of AST or ALT activity is based on the reaction of aspartate or alanine with ?-ketoglutarate to form oxaloacetate or pyruvate hydrazone formed with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine [21]. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3. 1.3.1) activity was measured at 405 nm by the formation of para-nitrophenol from para-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate [22] using commercial kits obtained from Biodiagnostic kit (Cairo, Egypt). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) was determined according to the method of Friedman and Young [23], using kit obtained from Spinreact (Santa Coloma, Spain). Cholesterol and triglycerides was measured according to the method Carr et al. [24] using Biodiagnostic kit (Cairo, Egypt).2.6. Lipid peroxidation assayThe extent of LPO was estimated as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive product malondialdehyde (MDA) by using the method of Ohkawa et al. [25]. MDA concentrations were determined using 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane as standard and expressed as nmol/g liver tissue. 2.7. Antioxidant enzymesCatalase (CAT, EC. 1.11.1.6) activity was measured according to the method described by Aebi by assaying the hydrolysis of H2O2 and the resulting decrease in absorbance at 240 nm over a 3 min period at 25 oC [26]. The activity of CAT enzyme is expressed as U/gm tissue.Glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) activity was measured using H2O2 as substrate according to the method described by Paglia and Valentine [27]. The reaction was monitored indirectly as the oxidation rate of NADPH at 240 nm for 3 min. Enzyme activity was expressed as U/gm tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activity was determined according to the method described by Marklund and Marklund by assaying the autooxidation and illumination of pyrogallol at 440 nm for 3 min [28].2.8. Reduced glutathione assayReduced GSH estimation was performed by Beutler et al. [29]. Livers were homogenized in 1 ml of 1.1% KCl cooled, then homogenate (100  µl) was mixed with 750  µL of precipitate solution (1.67 g glacial meta-phosphoric acid, 0.2 g EDTA and 30 g of NaCl in 100 ml D.W.) and 900  µl of D. W. Homogenate tissue was centrifuged at 2000g for 15 min to precipitate proteins. Protein-free supernatant (250  µl) was added to 1ml of Na2HPO4 (0.0 M) and the reaction was initiated by adding 125  µl of DTNB (6 mM) and the absorbance of 5-thio-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) formed was measured at 412 nm. The level of GSH was obtained by standard curve and expressed as U/g tissue.2.9. Statistical analysisAll data were expressed as mean  ± standard deviation (SD) and then subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. Values of p

The Marshallese and Nuclear Weapon Testing

The Marshallese and Nuclear Weapon Testing Military progress is the aim of at least every country in the world. Many nations have invested a lot of money in research and development of various weapons that will enhance the security of the country as a whole. In the effort to come up with the perfect weapons, it becomes necessary for any country to test whether their weapons are of the right quality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Marshallese and Nuclear Weapon Testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, weapons have various effects when tested and they have to be tested where they would cause minimum effects to human beings. In the period between 1946 and1958, the United States of America used the Marshall Islands to test for its nuclear weapons. However, this caused a lot of negative effects to the natives who had to change their ways of life besides looking for other ways of coping with the situation. It is important to point out that the Un ited States of America did not reveal to Marshallese the exact effects that nuclear weapons would have on their lives. Nonetheless, the gravity of the testing soon downed on the people of Marshall Islands. To begin with, the blasts completely destroyed some islands which were hitherto residential areas for the Marshallese. Instead, huge craters were formed especially in the lagoons. This meant that the people would no longer have their land though they had been promised that their land was to be given back to them (Barker 20). Moreover, several coral Islands were completely broken up as a result of the nuclear testing that was carried out. Similarly, radioactive fallout resulted after the crushed corals and water mixed with the radioactive particles that were released. The other effects that the Marshallese people suffered as a result of nuclear weapon testing had to do with the high levels of radiations that were released. Firstly, the radiations were freely released into the atmos phere. Consequently, people inhaled these radiations into their bodies (Barker 24). Secondly, the radiations stuck on various plants including the coconut plants where the Marshallese got the oil they applied on their skin and hair. Additionally, radiations were ingested by young children who thought it was snow. Furthermore, the food and water that people were using also got contaminated with the radiations. These radiations have been associated with several health problems that have affected the Marshallese people including cancer, typhoid and reproductive health problems (Barker 28). It is worth noting that these effects have gone beyond the first generation. Additionally, before any testing was commenced, people were relocated to other areas. These compelled the people to change not only their economic activities given that they were taken to areas where agriculture was not possible, but also their way of life. Moreover, these people had to depend on subsidy food from the U.S. g overnment thus compelling them to change their diet (Barker 25).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the food issued by the U.S. government contained a lot of fats and sodium which exposed the Marshallese people to various health hazards. Similarly, the displaced people were forced to change their cultural and political activities. As a matter of fact, the Marshallese people had to change their cultural songs, their traditional diet as well as other rituals after they were displaced (Barker 27). Despite the effects that the Marshallese people suffered due to the nuclear weapon testing, they have found ways of dealing with the situation. Firstly, the Marshall Islands tried to petition the United Nations in the year 1954 and 1957 in a move that was aimed at seeking address to the effects that the natives were suffering. On the same note, the Marshallese people have learn t on how to lobby the congress and work with the executive branch so as to influence the U.S. government policy on radiological issues in the Marshall Islands. This is aimed at getting the U.S. government to support the people who were affected. On the same note, the Republic of Marshall Island and the U.S. government agreed in the 177 Agreement that the United States will compensate the people who got affected by the nuclear testing. In addition, the U.S. government agreed to run medical programs in aid of the victims though there are some restrictions imposed (Barker 28).  Due to the unproductive nature of the land after the testing, the Marshallese people have learnt to change their diet. They depend on subsidized food that is provided by the government of America. Moreover, some areas have had soil and plants stripped off prompting the return of the Marshallese. However, they have had to start their lives from scratch and use intensive agricultural methods to try and restore t he soil and plants (Barker 27). The formation of the nuclear claims tribunal was also an important strategy to lobby for compensation. The nuclear testing is a clear case of intercultural conflicts where the United States wanted to enhance its weapons while the Marshallese simply wanted to maintain their peaceful livelihood. Using its influence, the United States got its way and tested the weapons knowing pretty well that the same had dire consequences on the natives. Notably, U.S. took advantage of the fact that Marshallese people were not well educated and thus did not reveal the exact effects of their intended exercise. However, we should ask ourselves whether it is okay for a cultural group to advance its egocentric objectives at the expense of others. Culture is very essential for the lives of people in the world. Various cultures define various things differently and place differing weights on everything. Consequently, there is bound to be intercultural conflict whenever peopl e from different cultural backgrounds interact.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Marshallese and Nuclear Weapon Testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People will always have different perspectives regarding given ideas. Moreover, each cultural group will always have diverse priorities.  Nevertheless, it is important to know that there is no superior culture. All cultures are equal and people should be free to practice their culture. People should learn to appreciate the diversity in culture and respect other people’s believes. In advancing their interests, people and by extension countries should take care so as not to interfere with other people’s ways of life. While we should be ready to defend our culture, we should not do it in an ethnocentric way that jeopardizes other people’s way of doing things. The United States of America was not ready to displace its own citizens to create tes ting fields. However, they took advantage of the remoteness of Marshall Islands to test their nuclear weapons displacing people in the process and disregarding the imminent negative effects (Barker 27). When we learn that all people are equal human beings regardless of their cultural background, then we will be able to throw intercultural conflicts in the dustbin of oblivion. Work Cited Barker, Holly M. Bravo for the Marshallese: regaining Control in a Post-Nuclear, Post-Colonial World. Stanford: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs

The Meaning of the Surname Fuchs The Fuchs surname means fox, from the Middle High German vuhs, meaning fox. Sometimes used to describe someone with red hair, or someone considered crafty or clever - characteristics attributed to the fox. The name first came into use in the German state of Bavaria. Fox is the English version of this surname. Fuchs is the 42nd most common German surname. Surname Origin:  GermanAlternate Surname Spellings:  FUHS, FUX, FOX Famous People with the Fuchs Surname Bernard Fuchs  - French pilot and WWII heroEduard Fuchs  - Marxist cultural scientistEmil Fuchs -  Ã‚  German theologianErich Fuchs  - English physiologistPeter Paul Fuchs - Austrian-born conductor and composerVivian Fuchs - British geologist and polar explorer Where the Fuchs Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Fuchs surname is most common in Austria, where it ranks as the 11th most common last name in the country. It is also very common in Germany (36th), Switzerland (39th) and  Liechtenstein (72nd). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates that Fuchs is most widespread in eastern Switzerland, in the Zentralschweiz region, and throughout much of Austria, especially in the Graz and Landeck regions. Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Fuchs last name is most common in southern Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Munich, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Ostalbkreis, Cologne, Passau, Muremberg, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, and Karlsruhe. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Fuchs Meanings of Common German Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Fuchs  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Fuchs  family crest or coat of arms for the Fuchs surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Fox Y-DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Fox  surname, and variations such as Fuchs, are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Fox family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.FUCHS  Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Fuchs ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for posts ab out your Fuchs ancestors, or join the group and post your own Fuchs query. FamilySearch - FUCHS  Genealogy: Explore over 630,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Fuchs surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.FUCHS  Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Fuchs surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - FUCHS Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Fuchs.GeneaNet - Fuchs  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Fuchs  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Fuchs Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Fuchs surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

International Finance - Essay Example This keeps the revenues of the company intact and also caps the amount of its currency outflows. In the event of any adverse movement in the foreign currency receivables, the company can exercise the forwards or the options. If a company having dollar receivables is afraid of strengthening the domestic currency against dollar then by taking the desired position in dollar futures the company can keep the value of its receivables intact. All these financial instruments have their own set of merits and limitations. In the following paragraphs, these instruments have been discussed with various examples that will give an idea about their usefulness. A forward contract on a foreign currency eliminates the risks related to exchange rate fluctuations. In this case the parties entering the contract agree to exchange a specified amount of currency at a future date at a pre-determined exchange rate (Redhead, 2008, pp.730; Von Pfeil, 1988, pp.127). Suppose A Ltd, a British company got $1 million receivable after 3 months. The company is afraid of British pounds appreciating against dollar as this will lower the value of its receivables. To hedge its position the company can enter into a forward contract that will entitle it to sell the receivables after three months at an agreed upon rate irrespective of the rate prevailing in the market. Suppose the spot rate is GBP 0.60/$. In three months time the company expects that the value of pounds will strengthen against dollar due to which the rate will fall to GBP 0.55/$. A Ltd can enter into a 3 month forward contract of GBP 0.62/$ which will freeze the exchange rate of the company. Now suppose after three months the spot rate is GBP 0.56/$, the company will then be able to sell the dollar receivable at GBP 0.62/$. As evident from the above calculations, the amount realized if the position is hedged through forward contract is GBP 620000, whereas the amount realized if the position is

Globalization and Multinational Corporations Essay

Globalization and Multinational Corporations - Essay Example The globalisation concept does not reveal the challenges leaving the companies to look at the positive side of the concept. There are very many management challenges due to different cultural issues and government intervention in different nations. As it will be discussed in the paper, countries differ in their levels of technology, development, availability of labour and resources and policies targeting trade and taxation. Both local and global companies normally do not have the right information concerning such issues thus end up making the wrong decisions in location and strategies (Karsten, 2000, pp.120-134). The best example of a multinational company to use is the Coca Cola Company as it has gone through very many challenges as it was in its race to meeting the global concept. Global strategy is defined in business as guidelines of an organisation to globalisation. For a firm to succeed in expanding globally it requires to define the extent to which it can expand its service and products provision. Local and global enterprises are facing a lot of challenges in expanding globally and this does not leave out the Coca Cola Company. The decisions Coca Cola makes on where it needs to locate its business are highly affected by the fact it usually defines how far it needs to allocate. Many multinational organisations that are failing expand unnecessarily. This occurs because of the lack of complete information on the different economic status of different nations. This limits them in attaining competitive advantage within the corporate world (Gupta, 2008, pp. 20-21). Strategic management Strategic management entails to plan and forecast, command, control, co-ordinate and organize. It is important for organizations to practice effective modes of management to ensure that at the end of the day they achieve their main objective; profit making. Though strategic management entails all this conditions, it is evident that they are not practised in all organisations globally. This is so because countries differ in their adoption of management strategies. This makes it hard for an organisation in a well established country that practises high management concepts to incorporate the concepts in another country that has not yet implemented them (Ghoshal, 1987, pp. 425-440). However, with Coca Cola being a multinational company for a very long time, it has identified that different areas need different ways of management though people are being urged to embrace global ways of management. Business courses and beliefs are very different in all nations. For instance, in developing countries, the business courses are outdated and it is only recently that they are trying to educate its people on the global strategic management principles. Many organisations that want to expand globally are misled by believing that all nations embrace the concept globalisation thus they set up their businesses in different localities only to find that they do not use the global strategies of management. This makes them to lag behind in making profits because they lack competent individuals to employ. It is evident that for a business to flourish there must be availability of labour within the area. Some multinational entities are forced to employ individuals from other countries which is a more expensive strategy because they demand a high pay for relocating from their native homes (Ghauri, 1995, pp.

Special Economic Zone Essay Example for Free

Special Economic Zone Essay â€Å"A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a countrys typical or national laws.Nationwide laws may be suspended inside a special economic zone. The category SEZ covers, including free trade zones (FTZ), export processing Zones (EPZ), free Zones (FZ), industrial parks or industrial estates (IE), free ports, free economic zones, urban enterprise zones and others. Usually the goal is to increase foreign direct investment, development of infrastructure and to increase employment. † – Wikipedia On September 10, 2012, at an impressive ceremony at the Presidency, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari gave his consent to the Special Economic Zone Bill 2012. The journey from conception to signing took four long years but it was worth the wait. It all began when Pakistan Japan Business Forum, a bilateral Forum that I helped establish, floated the idea of a dedicated SEZ for the Japanese investors. The ball got rolling when Salim Mandviwalla, the energetic Chairman of Board of Investment embraced this idea and motivated his team to prepare an attractive SEZ package. It was approved in 2008 by the Economic Coordination Committee of the Cabinet while the Federal Cabinet accorded approval in principle for initiation of legislation in 2010. The Council of Common Interests also discussed this bill due to introduction of 18th Amendment. CCI approved the bill in August 2011. The Senate accorded approval in January 2012 and National Assembly on July 13, 2012. The Act would allow Developers and Zone Enterprises to plan and operate in an enabling environment that would include security, safety, availability of physical and social infrastructure, and access to all incentives, facilities, and rules of business. The central aspect of the Act is the formation of a high-powered Board of Approval with the Prime Minister as the Chairman. This, in itself, manifests total commitment towards development and success of SEZs. The salient features of the Act include the approval of Zones not less than fifty acres. Upto 30% of the Zone could be used for social infrastructure. This would be attractive for those investing and working in any particular Zone. The government would ensure the provision of public utilities and transportation links upto the zero point of the Zone. Furthermore, the government would promote the adoption of simplified administrative procedures for SEZs with relevant Federal and Provincial authorities and agencies. Such facilitative procedures include issuance of licenses, permits and approvals, satisfactory customs and other documentary requirements, easy fulfillment of tax or duties obligations, and support and authorization of modern means of communication and e-governance. The country’s labor laws would be equally applicable to the Zone Enterprises too. Moreover, the Board of Approval may, after consultations with concerned Ministries and governmental agencies, issue special rules for employment of non-Pakistanis in key managerial and technical positions. These relate to issuance of visas, temporary residence permits, as well as temporary work permits. Their dependents would be facilitated though these special rules. Each Zone shall be designated either as a Free Trade Zone, Export Processing Zone, Multilateral Economic Zone, Regional Development Zone, Reconstruction Opportunity Zone, Hybrid Export Processing Zone, Sector Development Zone, or Extra-Territorial Zone depending on specified characteristics. An ETZ would be out of the ambit of the customs territory of Pakistan so that transportation of goods and provision of services from and to these areas and to and from the customs territory of Pakistan shall be considered as export and import. They would get the same treatment for rebates and other advantages. All incentives under this Act shall be in addition to all incentives, benefits and protections that may be applicable to Developers and/or Zone Enterprises under generally applicable legislation and international agreements of Pakistan. These benefits shall not be withdrawn prematurely and any changes shall be to the advantage of the Developer or the Zone Enterprise. Developers shall be entitled to the following benefits: (a) One time exemption from all customs duties and taxes for all Capital Goods imported into Pakistan for the development, operation and maintenance of a SEZ entity, subject to verification and approval from Board of Investment. (b) Exemption from all taxes on income accruable in relation to the development and operation of the SEZ for a period of ten years, starting from date of signing of the development agreement. All Zone Enterprises shall be entitled to the following benefits: (a) Exemption from custom duties and taxes on imports of capital goods into the SEZ for installation there (b) Exemption from all taxes on income for a period of ten year starting from the date the Developer certifies that the Zone Enterprise has commenced commercial operations with the relevant SEZ. A very relevant feature is the alternative dispute resolution clause. It would be advisable to utilize the expertise available at Karachi Center for Dispute Resolution to prepare an effective mechanism for a mediation process so that the investors and developers can utilize their energies towards the success of their endeavors. Pakistan is strategically well-placed to be the ideal center for setting up industries to cater to the Middle East, Central Asian Republics, and Afghanistan markets. The country also welcomes import-substitution industries. The future benefits of the Act for Zone Enterprises would be immediate savings in taxes, duties, and other front-loading charges, a safe and secure working environment, preferential treatment of products and services (such as Reconstruction Opportunity Zones concept initiated by US Government but remains in limbo till this day), and, more importantly, accessible domestic and global markets. The various bilateral Forums, FPCCI, the Chambers and Associations, as well as Pakistani diplomats based in foreign countries must promote the SEZ Act. The Prime Minister should order the setting up of SEZ Authority and advise the provincial governments to set in motion plans to establish the Provincial SEZ Authority in their respective provinces. Hopefully, Chairman BOI must have set up the relevant infrastructure in the Board so that the foundation for implementation of the Act is firmly established. Pakistan urgently needs foreign direct investment and the Special Economic Zone Act is the Motorway on which FDI will substantially enter this country.

Free College Admissions Essays: Geography :: College Admissions Essays

Geography The diverse nature of Geography has always attracted me to the subject, and the bridge it forms between the Arts and the Sciences reflects many of my interests. I am greatly enjoying the work which I am doing for the A level syllabus, on both the human and physical sides of the course, and would like to continue to study in both these fields. Geography gives the opportunity to accumulate a valuable range of skills, and I particularly enjoy the variety of analytical, numerical, bibliographical and research skills which I am called upon to use. The study of Geography will enable me to consider complex interactions between the human and physical environments, and the scope for useful research within the subject is very appealing. I have attended a number of Geographical Association lectures organised by my local branch, and look forward to taking responsibility for my own work in response to such stimulus. My interest in Geography is reflected in my choice of supporting A level subjects. I have found them very helpful in furthering my understanding of issues such as ecology and the processing of raw data, where subjects overlap. The study of French has also helped me to appreciate European issues whilst maintaining a language which I enjoy. I plan to take a Gap Year with the G.A.P. Organisation, to work as a support teacher in a developing nation. This, I believe, will be a valuable experience, and allow me to gain some first hand case studies in social, spatial and physical geography, which may provide a foundation for further study. I am very interested in the developing world, and have actively supported Christian Aid campaigns, as well as speaking on the Economic and Environment Committee at a "Model United Nations" Conference. Whilst completing the Bronze and Silver Duke of Edinburgh Awards, I have been able to improve my cartographic skills, and observe a variety of landscapes, w hich has added to my interest in physical geography. Taking part in the Tall Ships race on an S.T.A schooner for my Gold Residential Award has also helped me to appreciate the value of team work and perseverance.